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When does life really mean life?

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The Iraqi Penal Code No. 111 of 1969 in article 87 defines the term ‘life imprisonment’ (sijn mua’abbad) as “the confinement of a convicted person in a penal institution set up by law for that purpose for a period of 20 years”. This form of punishment could apply when a serious crime such as intentional […]

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Looking back at the ‘Future of Iraq’

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From October 2001 until early 2003 over 200 international experts and exiled Iraqi engineers, lawyers, businesspeople, doctors and others, spearheaded by the US State Department, met to discuss and advise on public health and humanitarian needs, transparency and anti-corruption, oil and energy, defense policy and institutions, transitional justice, democratic principles and procedures, local government, civil […]

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Law Reform 1977 style

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In 2009 Baghdad and Erbil are subject to a veritable barrage of law reform proposals. The Council of Representatives is sitting on proposals for constitutional review and bills such as those to give a sure footing to the judiciary; to give a proper structure to the various anti-corruption bodies; for a constitutionally compliant process to […]

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Gertrude Bell’s 1920 Review of the Civil Administration of Mesopotamia

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In 1920 the British Mandate power commissioned a report, written by Gertrude Bell of the Civil Administration of Mesopotamia, covering the period of the British Military Occupation up to the summer of 1920. It was applauded by both houses of the British Parliament upon receipt. She noted that “at various times modifications [had been] introduced […]

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Gertrude Bell’s 1920 Review of the Civil Administration of Mesopotamia

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In 1920 the British Mandate power commissioned a report, written by Gertrude Bell of the Civil Administration of Mesopotamia, covering the period of the British Military Occupation up to the summer of 1920. It was applauded by both houses of the British Parliament upon receipt. She noted that “at various times modifications [had been] introduced […]

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Capital Punishment: UPDATED

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The Penal Code 111 of 1969 provides in Article 86 that “The death penalty is the hanging of the condemned person by the neck until he is dead.” It can only be imposed if the perpetrator is 21 or over. Prior to 2003, the Penal Code provided that the death penalty was the sentence or […]

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Penal Code 111 of 1969

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The Penal Code 111 of 1969 replaced the Baghdadi Penal Code of 1919 with effect from 15 December 1969. It has been amended on a number of occasions. With effect from 10 June 2003, CPA Order 7 Section 2(1) provided that “the Third Edition of the 1969 Iraqi Penal Code with amendments, registered in Baghdad […]

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